Williamson

although overall humanitarian record of RCC in Latin America prior to 1960s is largely negative, what social consciousness did emerge, emerged through the RCC ¹(163)

"Perhaps because of the ritual surrounding death in preliterate civilizations, the mystique of death in Cahtolicism has special significance to Latin Americans" ²(164)

"Closely on the heels of the conquistadores came the clergy"³ (165)

clergy-> zeal for conquest and conversion; some were devoted to the Indians; failed attempt to incorporate natives in emerging European culture ⁴(166-167)

outlines RCC opposition to independence of Spanish colonies but does not explore the case of Brasil ⁵(167-168)

"Brazil was spared the worst of the inquisition and the church was not as large a landholder as in Hispanic America"⁶ (171)

intimate link of RCC with government reducing autonomy and disconnecting from the people⁷ (171)

3rd largest Clerical hierarchy in the world yet a lack of priests "The individual and the community are left to their own resources" ⁸(171)

"Umbanda...represents a mélange of seances, healing and ingredients from African and indigenous sources." ⁹(172)

Candomble plays a role of identity and personal meaning for many Afro-Brazilians ¹⁰(172)

"although most Latin Americans are baptized, confirmation and marriage fall far below the Catholic norm." ¹¹(178)

Although Protestantism is a minority religion the number of active protestants and active Catholics is equivalent ¹²(183-184)

Protestantism a means of expressing anticlericalism ¹³(184)

"Methodists at least in Brazil, may feel theologically closer to Catholics than they do to certain Protestant variants." ¹⁴(186)

Latin American Protestants presented as a cross between 18th century British Methodism and 20th century North American Pentecostalism¹⁵ (186)

emphasises Protestant contribution in education, medicine and sanitation¹⁶ (187)

1RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 163.

2RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 164.

3RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 165.

4RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 166–167.

5RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 167–168.

6RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 171.

7RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 171.

8RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 171.

9RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 172.

10RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 172.

11RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 178.

12RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 183–184.

13RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 184.

14RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 186.

15RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 186.

16RC Williamson, Latin America: Cultures in Conflict, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) 187.