Sansone

L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556.

Basis of European multiculturalism 1) social pact, state's responsibility to care for the poor who submit themselves to certain conditions 2) colonial history, including the legacy of distinguishing rights according to ethnicity 3) the fact that these states often have a long history of ethnic minorities (e.g. Welsh, Scots...)¹

England (unclear why preference for England rather than UK) focus is on combating racism rather than cultural plurality, hence reference to racial, rather than interethnical relations as elsewhere in Europe.²

Immigration challenges social pact, as it becomes harder to accept one needs to pay to support outsiders; and raises awkward questions regarding the colonial past.³

points to the way that in the UK and other European countries, multiculturalism is promoted by the State via the educational system.⁴ Crises in multiculturalism linked to crises in the role of the state.⁵

Role of media, and media in foreign languages, in shaping debate on multiculturalism.⁶

suggests that some ethic minorities may feel threatened by multicultural practices and prefer educational practices which combat racism and promote a universalist outlook.⁷

criticises the way in which the multicultural discourse is often used to (1) conceal what different groups have in common 2) conceal differences within groups 3) fossilize concepts of ethnic identity.⁸ worse case scenario becomes a form of ethno-social engineering⁹

refers to pos-ethnic challenges to multiculturalism such as 1) second and third generation of immigrants and 2) poliethnic youth identities.¹⁰

1L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 537–538.

2L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 538.

3L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 538–539.

4L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 540.

5L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 540–541.

6L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 541.

7L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 542–543.

8L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 545.

9L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 546.

10L Sansone, “Multiculturalism, Estado e Modernidade— As Nuançes em Alguns Países Europeus e o Debate no Brasil” Dados 46:3 (2003) 535–556, 547.