Reis

RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163.

Compares the situation of many immigrants to that of a boat unable to arrive at a port.¹

Sovereignty of the state linked to its monopoly over the legitimacy of mobility.²

International migration is therefore a political movement, from the sphere of influence of one state to that of another.³

Outlines development of international law and declarations on immigration.⁴

points to a worrying tendency of the criminalization of illegal immigration. Matter of concern for the Brazilian government as many Brazilian immigrants (Itamaraty estimates 1/3) are undocumented. Fears for the abuse of their human rights.⁵ Refers to negotiations between the Brazilian government and the Portuguese government, and in the USA over the “Operacao Desembarque” concerning the dignified deportation of Brazilians held as illegal immigrants in America.⁶

tendency in international law to recognise individuals as having rights independent of their nationality.⁷

Nationality determined by political contract (“French” Model) vs determined by (dominant) Culture (“German” Model)⁸

Migration seen to intensify issue of national identity: 3 questions raised for the state 1) who can come in 2) of those who can come in who can stay permanently 3) of those who can stay permanently how many can become citizens.⁹

Presents the position that the ability and right of the state to determine citizenship and control its borders is being weakened by 1) International law and the universalisation of human rights 2) economic changes 3) the difficulties in controlling illegal immigration. Counter to this argues 1) although the rights of migrants are protected, the right to immigration is not 2) immigration increasingly being linked to national security. Claims the issue is rather the difficulty in determining what the state is, what it's role is, and how national identity is to be determined.¹⁰

1RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 149.

2RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 150.

3RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 150.

4RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 151–153.

5RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 153.

6RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 153.

7RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 153.

8RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 155.

9RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 155–156.

10RR Reis, “Soberania, Direitos Humanos e Migrações Internacionais” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 19:55 (2004), 149–163, 156–161.