Gillespie

M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994)

"the experience of migrant or diasporic people is central to contemporary societies." ¹(2)

"Social interaction and relations are no longer dependent on simultaneous spatial co-presence." ²(3)

change in our experience of time and space³ (3)

o

cites McGrew on contemporary culture:

universalisation v particularsation; homogenisation v differentiation; integration v fragmentation; centralisation v decentralisation; juxtaposition v syncretisation ⁴ (4)

o

all cultures seen as hybrid and syncretistic⁵ (4)

o

on the challenge for Southall youth "to achieve equality and recognition in British society without affronting their parental values." ⁶(5)

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terms Asian and Black "have been re-invented in post-colonial societies, by diaspora intellectuals, to convey the sense of a shared culture encompassing deep differences." ⁷(6)

o

"ever more sophisticated international communication technologies and the products of transnational media corporations dissolve distance and suspend time, and in doing so create new and unpredictable forms of connection, identification and cultural affinity, but also dislocation and disjuncture between people, places and cultures." ⁸(7)

o

"Ethnicity presents itself both as a natural given, and as an accident of history and contingency...it is indispensable to our understanding of modern societies...it has the power to mobilize and destroy" ⁹(8)

term ethnic originally applied to outsiders¹⁰ (9)

"By this definition people are born into an ethnic group, tend to remain in it through the practices of endogamy and use cultural and physical markers" ¹¹(9)

"the dominant ethnic group often adopts the strategy of concealing its own ethnic status and attributing ethnicity only to 'others'" ¹²(10)

English ethnicity and British tradititonally attached to nationalism, imperialism, racism and the state ¹³(10)

cites Baudrillard's contention that consumer activities "play a large role in defining people's identities and consciousness than class." ¹⁴(13)

“Hall (1992) suggests three possible consequences of globalisation on cultural identities: erosion, strengthening and the emergence of new identities or 'new ethnicities' "¹⁵ (17)

"thus globalization may mean neither universal assimilation into one homogeneous culture, nor a universal search for roots and revival of singular identities, but a complex, highly uneven process of many-sided translation." ¹⁶(19)

"Translated, or hybrid and syncretic cultures,....may constitute a powerful creative force...can also encounter fierce, often violent, opposition where they are perceived as threatening fundamentalist projects of cultural 'purification'" ¹⁷(19)

refers to the process of deterritorialisation as referred to by Appadurai. Significance: (1) brings migrants into the lower class sectors of wealthy societies (2) critical attachment to home state politics (3) creation of 'invented homelands' through the media and experiences of touristic travel¹⁸ (20-21)

1M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 2.

2M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 3.

3M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 3.

4M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 4.

5M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 4.

6M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 5.

7M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 6.

8M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 7.

9M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 8.

10M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 9.

11M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 9.

12M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 10.

13M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 10.

14M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994), 13.

15M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994), 17

16M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 19.

17M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 19.

18M. Gillespie, Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change, (London: Routledge, 1994) 20–21.