Chesnut Preferential

Padre Marcelo Rossi's 1999 samba CD sold more than So Para Contrariar¹ (55)

CCR in Latin America under-researched due to scholarly bias towards Liberation theology, CEBs and progressive movements² (55-56)

locates changes in Latin American religious scene by applying microeconomic theory. Transition from a monopolistic market to a competitive market³ (56-61)

Like Pentecostals CCR emphasises Baptism in the Holy Spirit and the gifts. Unlike Pentecostalism emphasises loyalty to Pope and the virgin Mary⁴ (61)

"The virgin now constitutes...the dividing line that separates Charismatics from Pentecostals."⁵ (61)

"With a charismatic community of between 8 and 10 million, Brazil constitutes the centre of gravity of Latin American CCR...it is very likely that at least half of all active Catholics in Brazil are charismatic."⁶ (62)

CCR imported from the USA⁷ (62) traces brief history of CCR in USA including ecumenical inclusion of Protestants⁸ (62-63)

in Latin America original leaders of CCR from educated middle class⁹ (63)

shows that on the whole the response of Latin American bishops was one of cautious approval. Tension between the desire to deal with Pentecostal growth and a fear for their authority. Tendency to "Tacit approval and indifference."¹⁰ (63-67)

structural base of CCR: Prayer groups--> Middle class, well-educated; predominantely female, active Catholics, initially little impact on Non Catholics or Pentecostals¹¹ (67-69)

retreat from ecumenism "To extend a fraternal embrace to the very same "separated bretheren" who were raiding the Catholic flock could only have accelerated the exodus of Catholics to Pentecostal Churches" pressure from Bishops ¹²(69)

1980s growth amongst Popular classes; greater approval from bishops in the light of Pentecostal growth¹³ (70) Brazil 1976: 10,000 1994 6,000,000 [CCR] ¹⁴(70)

Whereas Pentecostals emphasised faith healing for those suffering from material poverty CCR often focused on psychological malaises of middle classes. Illnesses seen to have three types. Emotional->inner healing. Physical-> physical healing. Spiritual--> repentance and or exorcim¹⁵ (71) late 1980s spread of priest specializing in liberation and deliverance¹⁶ (71)

quotes Marcelo Rossi as saying "It was Bishop Macedo who woke us up."¹⁷ (72)

reaching out to the more popular classes involved both a greater emphasis on exorcism and on healing¹⁸ (72)

Pentecostalism started amongst the poor and moved up to the middle class. CCR follows opposite trajectory. Setting up of prayer groups in middle class areas and mass events¹⁹ (72)

Bishops insistence on the centrality of Virgin in the CCR to maintain its Catholic identity²⁰(75-76)

Mary defined as the one best able to guide the movement; until mid 1980s Mary peripheral in CCR; post 1984 greater centrality.²¹ (76)

in 1990 CCR: CEB 2:1 ; predicts that in the 21st century this ratio will increase to four to one²² (77)

prayers to break the strength of evangelicals, seen as enemy sects invading the country²³ (77) Pope John Paul II reference to Protestants as "rapacious wolves."²⁴ (78)

New Evangelization--> aimed at Cahtolics who were vulnerable to Pentecostals: youth; infirm; poor, Nominal Catholics.²⁵ (78) focus on healing, home visits and use of mass media²⁶ (79)

CCR broadcast on own channels but also benefiting from exposure on GLobo TV²⁷ (79-80)

Initial resistance to CCR in Brazil mainly due to progressive power in the CNBB; overcome when the progressives became a minority and Pentecostal growth continued to alarm.²⁸

1RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 55.

2RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 55–56.

3RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 56–61.

4RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 61.

5RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 61.

6RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 62.

7RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 62.

8RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 62–63.

9RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 63.

10RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 63–67.

11RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 67–69.

12RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 69.

13RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 70.

14RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 70.

15RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 71.

16RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 71.

17RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 72.

18RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 72.

19RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 72.

20RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 75–76.

21RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 76.

22RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 77.

23RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 77.

24RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 78.

25RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 78.

26RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 79.

27RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 79–80.

28RA Chesnut, “A Preferential Option for the Spirit: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Latin America's New Religious Economy,” Latin American Politics and Society 45:1 (2003) 55-85, 81.