claims that Presbyterian church model was closer to the EPiscopalism of Latin American Catholicism whilst congregational nature of Baptist brought "a brand new way of being a church."1 (426)
dates of mission churches arrival Lutherans 1826; Methodists 1836; Presbyterians, EPiscopalians and COngr. mid century Baptists 18812 (426)
second half of 19th century: Early Modernization. Initial industrialization and urbanization. improved communications and contact with Northern Hemisphere countries. Openness to innovation3 (426-427)
"political patronage in Brazil proved deadly for the Catholic church."4 (428)
Southern Baptists came when Catholic church reached its lowest point. RCC better able to resist Presbyterians earlier.5 (428)
North Atlantic Immigration--> needed to maintain economic growth especially after abolition; pressed for religious freedom; use of technology conveyed sense of cultural superiority, including religion6 (429)
Southern Baptists benefited from experience and structures of previous settlers7 (429)
Presb: 1859 Simonton arrives 1863 first church founded 1890 20 missionaries 12 Brazilian ministers, 59 congregations; 3,199 adult members and 1,461 children8 (430) doctrinal intellectual approach attracted elites.9 (430) 1879 clash between rationalism and mysticism. Group leave IPB to form Igreja Evangelica Brasileira 10(430) 1903 conflict over nationalism and free masonry. IPI formed11 (430) Internal divisions and external pressures stunted growth12 (430-431)
emphasises associative, congregational nature of Baptist co-operation13 (431) advantage of simpler theological approach for mission14 (432) Baptist emphasis on superstition and anti-democratic nature of Catholicism15 (432) critical move to RJ from which middle class recruits for leadership would come16 (432) divisions mainly at a congregational level 17(432) comparative table of growth18 (433)
"in the case of Brazil, a late arrival, a decentralized form of central governance, and a simpler faith made all the difference.19" (433)
cites Mendoncas four reasons for greater Baptist success 1) aggressive evangelism 2) direct recruitment 3) simpler church planting 4) rigorous ethical standards20
1H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 426.
2H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 426.
3H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 426–427.
4H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 428.
5H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 428.
6H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 429.
7H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 429.
8H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 430.
9H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 430.
10H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 430.
11H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 430.
12H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 430–431.
13H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 431.
14H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 432.
15H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 432.
16H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 432.
17H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 432.
18H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 433.
19H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 433.
20H Cavalcanti, “The Right Faith at the Right Time? Determinants of Protestant Mission Success in the 19th-Century Brazilian Religious Market,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41, no. 3 (September 2002): 423-438, 434.
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